surface wave? The uses of technologies and any limitations on their use are driven by individual or societal needs, desires, and values; by the findings of scientific research; and by differences in such factors as climate, natural resources, and economic conditions. Scientists use triangulation to find the epicenter of an earthquake. A little under 30 seconds, maybe around 26 seconds. 4. fault - a fracture in Earth's crust where the rocks on either side have moved. farther from the epicenter of an earthquake? The farther away the epicenter is, the greater the difference . 0000001562 00000 n Based on your answers to the previous question, what is the lag time for locations that are Quick Tips. Students learn about factors that engineers take into consideration when designing buildings for earthquake-prone regions. Students learn how engineers build shake tables that simulate the ground motions of the Earth caused by seismic waves in order to test the seismic performance of buildings. MS-ESS3-2. 0000003991 00000 n Copyright USGS http://earthquake.usgs.gov/learn/kids/eqscience.php. If the lag time were measured at a location closer to the epicenter, The period of a wave is the time between two adj, How does the period of the P waves compare to t. Use data from seismograms to locate the epicenters of earthquakes. 1. How can you locate an earthquake's epicenter? What are those limits? Y$Kr;V6[;Dq vg~cx:A[^jCssupwD endstream endobj 80 0 obj <> endobj 81 0 obj <>stream 0000004511 00000 n Record your answer from Lab Exercise #2, Step 1. We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. The longer the time is between the P-and S-wave . Most of these earthquakes are small tremors that cant be felt by people, but occasionally an earthquake occurs on a large magnitude that causes millions of dollars in property damage and kills hundreds to thousands of people. If a quake is near the seismograph, the S-waves arrive shortly after the P-waves. The LibreTexts libraries arePowered by NICE CXone Expertand are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. 0000001675 00000 n (Source: USGS, Wikipedia). Develop a solution to a technological problem that has the least negative environmental and social impact. Earthquakes Living Lab: Finding Epicenters and Measuring Magnitudes ActivityWorksheet Example Answers 4 now big earthquakes are measured using the moment magnitude scale; both scales essentially rank the power (energy release) of the earthquake. aqmd. View Notes - Locating_an_epicenter_activity from SCIENCE Earth Scie at Toms River High North. Place a ruler (or straight edge) on the chart between the points you marked for the distance to the epicenter and the amplitude. 0000103591 00000 n Explain the difference between S and P waves, and how their time interval is used to determine the epicenter location. to the lag time measured at this location? It is called triangulation because a triangle has three sides, and it takes three seismographs to locate an earthquake. In the U.S., earthquake measurements under the MMS (those of magnitude 3.5 or higher) are still commonly erroneously referred to by the general public and media as being on the Richter scale, due to more familiarity with the Richter scale. HS]o01j6R0iMm4U=wL8]BE< When an earthquake strikes, P waves arrive at a seismograph rst and S waves next. Follow this simple guide to edit Locating the epicenter of an earthquake worksheet answer key in PDF format online free of charge: Explore all the advantages of our editor right now! Lab Exercise #2: Locating the Epicenter of an Earthquake In this lab exercise, you will locate the epicenter of an earthquake. activity 4 locating an earthquake epicenter The Science of Earthquakes | U.S. Geological Survey An earthquake is what happens when two blocks of the earth suddenly slip past one . One seismogram indicates the distance to the epicenter. At least 3 earthquake recording stations are required to find the location of the earthquake epicenter. They use three seismographs in a process called triangulation to determine earthquake epicenters. Facility Name Busine Child ren Information Child Name C. Child Social Security Number Type of Case being filed - Check only one category. The Richter scale was created in the 1930s to assign a single number to quantify the energy released during earthquakes. 61 33 determine the epicenter using the S P (S minus P) method. Finding the Epicenter Determine the epicenter distance from three different seismographs. "`B(R6sj [CX7p+s =#;~ `'kA Once three seismographs have been located, find the time interval between the arrival of the P-wave . seismograph: An instrument that measures motions of the ground, including those of seismic waves generated by earthquakes. Alignment agreement: In the ASN, standards are hierarchically structured: first by source; e.g., by state; within source by type; e.g., science or mathematics; Continue the discussion with the following questions (or assign these questions as homework): Have student groups explore one or more of the other two regions (Southern California and Japan) provided in the Virtual Earthquake simulation. Short for "primary wave" or "pressure wave." Using historical seismographs, engineers forecast the strength or magnitude of earthquakes and make predictions and determine building codes and safety protocols. It is slower than the same earthquake's P wave and cannot travel through liquids. HTn0MmcHCB It takes S waves 14. 11 minutes elapsed between the first P wave and the last measurable surface wave. Choose an answer and hit 'next'. 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\newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)\(\newcommand{\AA}{\unicode[.8,0]{x212B}}\), status page at https://status.libretexts.org. !5(~q* 0000001746 00000 n hWmo9+[+UH EkNB|6YiaVJ=cRh7{T1R,5LI1$K=s)XR&87@&$LTPLutlcyNuzjf--\?qaXZM&HM.Eg"HnTqSWqN0&~2kf0 Md|d&:zhe)7I? 500p;333aXb3 \a.1. 0000004769 00000 n follow our easy steps to get your lab activity locating epicenters answer key well prepared rapidly choose the template in the library enter all necessary information in the required llable areas the Accessed December 11, 2013. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moment_magnitude_scale, Novak, Gary. Multiply the difference by 8.4 to estimate the distance, in kilometers, from the seismograph station to the epicenter. How does distance from the epicenter affect the magnitude (height) of the seismograph reading? 5 4. Through the online Earthquakes Living Lab, student pairs explore various types of seismic waves and the differences between shear waves and compressional waves. The nations most famous fault is the San Andreas Fault, which runs along a north-south trend in southern California, and happens to run directly through Los Angeles. You will receive your score and answers at the end. (Grades 6 - 8). As the drum rotated, the and S waves depends on the distance from the epicenter of the answer the following question. Short for "secondary wave" or "shear wave." PDF. Thanks for your feedback! approximate period of the surface waves in seconds? Download. distance = travel time for S waves How does the Mad Scientist. In order to determine the location of an earthquake epicenter, seismographsfrom at least three different places are needed for a particular event. Copyright 2023. Many updates and improvements! (, Have any of you ever experienced an earthquake or know anyone who has? By looking at the time between the arrivals of the P- and S-waves, one can determine the distance to the earthquake from that station, with longer time intervals indicating longer distance. Great exercise for Regents Earth Science. Before looking at the Earthquakes Living Lab, have pairs complete the, Then guide the teams to the Earthquakes Living Lab via the living lab website at. Do you think we will someday be able to prevent earthquakes? Thus, the Richter scale is used for measuring small earthquakes (3.5 M or less), while the moment magnitude scale is used for measuring stronger earthquakes (3.5 M or higher). (i. Pwaves have the greatest velocity and reach theseismic station first. Figure 2 is a seismic wave travel-time Success is figuring out that the estimated magnitude is 5.9. In this activity, the epicenter of the earthquake is in the center of Los Angeles, CA. (Grades gov For online instructions and current fees click here. longer or shorter). U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Department of the Interior. Though the distance to the epicenter can be determined using a travel-time graph, the direction cannot be told. A circle with a radius of the distance to the quake can be drawn. 5. focus - the point within Earth where an earthquake originates. Collect any giveaways for the students, such as earthquake posters or plate tectonic fliers. Overhead transparency of each of the handouts, Overhead projector (contact classroom teacher about this) and screen, Optional: overhead transparency or PowerPoint of, What do you know about the causes and impacts of Earthquakes? Subjects: Earth Sciences, General Science Grades: 5th - 8th Types: Activities, Laboratory Locating the Epicenter of an Earthquake - SE Asia a foldable activity, slide presentation to guide reading, and an answer key! How does the period of the P waves compare to the period of the surface waves? Engineers first determine where earthquakes are likely to occur, and how severe they are likely to be. Seismic stations detect earthquakes by the tracings made on seismographs. Richter scale Method of earthquake measurement based on the amplitude of seismic . An earthquake is what happens when two blocks of the earth suddenly slip past one directly above it on the surface of the earth is called the epicenter. You learned that seismologists determine the distance to the earthquake epicenter using the difference between S and P wave arrival times. 0000002383 00000 n ' endstream endobj 69 0 obj <> endobj 70 0 obj [85 0 R] endobj 71 0 obj <> endobj 72 0 obj <> endobj 73 0 obj <>stream Add to FlexBook Textbook. Earthquakes occur along faults, which are cracks in the Earths crust that build tension. 0000009174 00000 n trailer <<0444DE89825047A1A483C62E98F50868>]>> startxref 0 %%EOF 114 0 obj <>stream These distances are determined using a travel-time curve, which is a graph of Pand S-wave arrival times (see Figure 13.11). Explains how to find an earthquake epicenter using at least three seismograph stations. Use mathematical representations to support a claim regarding relationships among the frequency, wavelength, and speed of waves traveling in various media. Activity 4: Locating an Earthquake Epicenter, The three basic types of seismic wave generated by an earthquake at its focus are P, waves, Swaves, and Surface waves. (, Find the S-P interval for each seismogram and record answers in the S-P column of, Find the distance to the epicenter (in kilometers) from each recording station and record answers in Table 1. Have students click on the Earthquakes Living Lab hyperlink in the top left in the earthquakes section. Apr 8, 2020 One seismogram indicates the distance to the epicenter. The travel-time graph All the arcs should intersect at a common point - the epicenter. A. Seismic waves-waves generated by an earthquake, can move the ground forward and back- answers the question. 0000006984 00000 n www.teachengineering.org/activities/view/csm_findingepicenters_activity1, Search curriculum by Common Core standards, http://www.teachengineering.org/livinglabs/earthquakes/, Click to view other curriculum aligned to this Performance Expectation, Finding Epicenters and Measuring Magnitudes Worksheet, Finding Epicenters and Measuring Magnitudes (docx), Finding Epicenters and Measuring Magnitudes (pdf), Finding Epicenters and Measuring Magnitudes Example Answers (docx), Finding Epicenters and Measuring Magnitudes Example Answers (pdf), Earthquakes Living Lab: FAQs about P Waves, S Waves and More, Seismic Waves: How Earthquakes Move Through the Earth, Earthquakes Living Lab: Designing for Disaster, http://www.teachengineering.org/livinglabs/index.php, https://www.newpathonline.com/api_player/enus_54_6304/LXX/index.html. Direct students to finish the activity by completing the. This activity is designed around the Earthquakes Living Lab, a resource and online interface that uses real-time U.S. Geological Survey seismic data from around the world. Must engineers be content with mitigating disasters, instead of preventing them? There are two sets of data and maps to do this activity/ lab for than once. Today, most seismologists no longer follow Richter's original methodology because it does not give reliable results when applied to stronger earthquakes and it was not designed to use data from earthquakes recorded at epicentral distances greater than ~600 km. The time Identify P, S, and surface waves on seismograms, Measure amplitude and lag time on seismograms, Use triangulation to accurately locate the epicenter of an earthquake, Accurately report the latitude and longitude of the epicenter, Sea Floor Lab Help with Problem 2 - Tagged, Metamorphic Rocks Lab Instructions - Tagged, Lab exam 2 - Study guide for the second exam regarding all the labs and material covered, Redaccion de textos II Marco n membrete es aquello que se ubica en el sector superior de una pgina, mencionando el ttulo o el nombre de un individuo, una empresa, etc. Answer the following questions in the spaces provided. locate and label the epicenter of the earthquake on this map. Scientists and engineers around the globe gather data through observation and experimentation and use it to describe and understand how the world works. Every earthquake is recorded on numerous seismographs located in different directions. To accurately locate an earthquake epicenter, records from three. to the lag time measured at this location? While no one can predict earthquakes, knowing the intensities, frequencies and locations of past earthquakes and fault planes helps us to better anticipate the locations and forces to expect, so we can do our best to prepare our communities and infrastructure to withstand them safely. Then do the same for the S-wave. It's a logarithmic scale from 1 to 10 with each succeeding level representing 10 times as much energy as the last. Describe what the "magnitude" of an earthquake is. (Grades If you draw a circle on a map around three different seismographs where the radius of each is the distance from that station to the earthquake, the intersection of those three circles is the epicenter. 0000003855 00000 n Make arrangements so that each student group has a computer with Internet access. In order to determine the location of an earthquake epicenter, seismographs from at least three different places are needed for a particular event. pen recorded the arrival of P, S, and surface How does the lag time change as you get farther and The process is called triangulation. seismogram. 9 - Students learn what causes earthquakes, how we measure and locate them, and their effects and consequences. xb``d``Id`a`Ab@_ :iWGi>|q` S waves. 1. All 100,000+ K-12 STEM standards covered in TeachEngineering are collected, maintained and packaged by the Achievement Standards Network (ASN), 61 0 obj <> endobj xref The magnitude determination is based on seismic data. trailer <<320C1F98F8FF4795B5CCB8D9E9A0B99B>]/Prev 812054/XRefStm 1396>> startxref 0 %%EOF 93 0 obj <>stream =Cv :~4yrXP 62{_,*Uq/O-oUNBr-$y~:G},#3e^CS6U*_zVGY7ZNUWk2f?? {%!,"{u5E&OOqA_"/uxn-kx+Vz*EQb)Q 0000031066 00000 n The wavelength and frequency of a wave are related to one another by the speed of travel of the wave, which depends on the type of wave and the medium through which it is passing. Add to Library. The longer the time between the arrival of the P-wave and S-wave, the farther away is the epicenter. Once three seismographs have been located, find the time interval between the arrival of the P-wave and the arrival of the S-wave. Locating Epicenter Lab Worksheet (1).docx, Updating Patient Registration B at 08_10_2022 03_03 PM.pdf, You need to deploy an Azure environment that meets the company migration plan, Step 1 of 2 Program 1 A Simple Python Program Welcome with Two Messages Running, More women in academia report polarization assimilation in male skewed and male, A TACACS B RADIUS C Kerberos D SAML Correct Answer D QUESTION 321 A network, PTSD in Children and Adolescents - Copy - Copy - Copy - Copy.docx, Effects of Excitation and Prime Mover Control The excitation control helps to, D1 Fundamental security design principles.docx, Question 5 Correct Mark 100 out of 100 Remove flag Question 6 Correct Mark 100, Thomas Concurrence broadly attacked current NDD Federal gov should be allowed to, 769 Water at 15C is to be heated to 65C by passing it over a bundle of 4 m. Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. waves from a distant earthquake. 0000001862 00000 n time for any point that is 3,000 miles Now on the main page of the Earthquakes Living Lab website (see Figure 2), note the featuring of four active seismic areas and the mapping of real-time and current data from earthquakes happening around the world. In a concluding class discussion, have groups share their ideas about engineering and one new thing they learned about earthquakes. Moment magnitude scale. Also called seismometer. Practicing this technique, the students work several problems on a map of the US. Use mathematical representations of phenomena or design solutions to describe and/or support claims and/or explanations. Make an overhead copy of each of the handouts. PS: We do not share personal information or emails with anyone. cCV&0Lw1~c\4QA!{q: N3\`Lccgb,x/if`WH3(\'q)Da'@ | endstream endobj 92 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/Index[57 4]/Length 20/Size 61/Type/XRef/W[1 1 1]>>stream Of the four Earthquakes Living Lab seismic areas, choose the "Chile" box, as shown in Figure 3. During an earthquake, seismic waves are sent all over the globe. $8.25. endstream endobj 84 0 obj <> endobj 85 0 obj <> endobj 86 0 obj <>stream If you can't find an answer to your question, please contact us. Triangulation is required to determine exactly where it happened. A single recording station can only calculate distance, but not direction; to cover all possibilities, a complete circle is drawn around that station. Then from the same recordings they determine the earthquake's magnitude, an estimate of the amount of energy released during the earthquake. 13. Before going to the classroom, you will need to: Provide each student, with the following: Earthquakes occur every day all over the United States and all over the world. The instrument detects and documents the intensity, direction and duration of ground vibrations, which are used to determine the epicenters and strength/magnitudes of earthquakes or other seismic events. triangulation: A method to determine exactly where an earthquake originates. Ask students what fault they think caused this earthquake. Also commonly termed the focus. A seismograph is securely mounted onto the surface of the earth so that when the earth shakes, the entire unit shakes with it EXCEPT for the mass on the spring, which has inertia and remains in the same place. Thanks for your feedback! 0000002009 00000 n So next, students compute the magnitude of this same earthquake by looking at the three simplified seismograms again, but this time selecting each's maximum S wave amplitude (height). Students learn about the types of seismic waves produced by earthquakes and how they move through the Earth. Sharing Information/Thinking Ahead: In the Evaluate section of the worksheet, student pairs are asked to compose answers to two questionswhether they think seismology is a reliable science and ways seismic data is useful for engineers. HTn0"H@w=s(vxk8OM1px-{$_!o5|CS7RPr#V(0CUa%ZkuT9t};D Jj=.9,z!#@n5YCu>R88tfFRX=iRK Upload a document. 0000002544 00000 n For purposes of this activity, the least complicated and probably most accurate approach is to just use the term "magnitude," without needing to say "on the Richter scale" or "on the moment magnitude scale." What was the lag time (in minutes) at this location? Some places are more prone to earthquakes than others. 0000078100 00000 n Draw your signature, type it, upload its image, or use your mobile device as a signature pad. They make a model of a seismographa measuring device that records an earthquake on a seismogram. Today we will be using a traveltime graph, where the vertical separation between, the P and S curves is equal to the difference in the arrival times between the Pwave, and Swave. Though they may weaken with distance, seismographs are sensitive enough to still detect these waves. Finding the Epicenter. Material is sheared side to side, perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation. You can also download it, export it or print it out. P and S arrivals, you can now locate an earthquake your answers below. Key Facts & Information. X!.43p2t!}SLx-3z.KN4X+H\+vk? Empirical evidence is required to differentiate between cause and correlation and make claims about specific causes and effects. 0000106240 00000 n What did it feel like? 0000001533 00000 n This is determined by the P-and S-wave arrival times. P and Swaves are body waves and travelthrough the interior of the earth. 1) Identify the general term for waves released from an earthquake. I contacted the persons listed below to find out the location of the following people entitled to notice Name of Person Measure the difference in arrival times between the first shear (s) wave and the first compressional (p) wave, which can be interpreted from the seismogram. !D,X2:azTG)kPT~Mj 4>d w@O'. 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First locate and mark the three seismic stations on the world map provided below. between arrival of P and S waves is called 12), Evaluate ways that technology can impact individuals, society, and the environment. Figure 1 is a simplified example of a hbb2b`b``a I @ endstream endobj 62 0 obj <>/Metadata 55 0 R/Pages 51 0 R/StructTreeRoot 57 0 R/Type/Catalog/ViewerPreferences<>>> endobj 63 0 obj <>/Font<>>>/Fields[]>> endobj 64 0 obj <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/Rotate 0/TrimBox[0.0 0.0 612.0 792.0]/Type/Page>> endobj 65 0 obj <> endobj 66 0 obj <> endobj 67 0 obj <> endobj 68 0 obj <>stream
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