In other words, we assume the person who cut us off is an idiot (dispositional) and do not consider that maybe someone in the car is severely injured and this person is rushing them to the hospital (situational). This action MOST strongly suggests that the _____ is firmly in control of Nikolai. d. psychodynamic. This is an example of: David Rosenhan sent pseudopatients to a mental hospital, where they pretended to be disturbed. First, the response is made, and nothing happens. 89. Which of the following is an argument of critics of the evolutionary perspective? Chapter 14 Flashcards | Chegg.com Boys are more likely to be diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder. The self-actualization motive plays an important part in human functioning, according to: a. cognition-focused therapists. According to your reading on abnormal psychology, which term is defined as "the inability to perform in one or more important areas of functioning" and is a consideration in identifying the presence of a mental disorder? Thoughts, as well as overt behaviors, are acquired and modified by various forms of conditioning. Simply, she placed the child in one end of a room and then brought in the rabbit. What about your friend or acquaintance in the back? Dogs do not enter the world knowing to respond to the ringing of a bell (which it hears). We take the information just detected and use it to assign people to categories, or groups. In contrast, Thanatos, our death instinct, is either directed inward as in the case of suicide and masochism or outward via hatred and aggression. Clarify what psychodynamic techniques are used. b. axons. The defense mechanism that BEST explains your behavior is: a. projection. What happens to the neurotransmitters that do not bind to a receptor site? The information is received by brain structures (central nervous system) and perception occurs. Thats all right. Freud used three primary assessment techniquesfree association, transference, and dream analysisas part ofpsychoanalysis, or psychoanalytic therapy, to understand the personalities of his patients and expose repressed material. Similarly, the overproduction of the hormone melatonin can lead to SAD. Those who sit in the back of the room are underachievers who dont care. Conditioning. The goal is for the client to examine their own feelings and thoughts with openness and acceptance. d. quaternary prevention. a. Please note that a person may become fixated at any stage, meaning they become stuck, thereby affecting later development and possibly leading to abnormal functioning, or psychopathology. a. catharsis. This thought is an example of: a. depression. According to Freud's psychodynamic theory, the part of the personality that operates by the morality principle is the: Which statement is TRUE regarding electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)? She has developed depression due to a serotonin deficiency. a. Todays techniques are much more sophisticated and have been used to treat schizophrenia, depression, and some personality and anxiety disorders. 146. Marie comes from a supportive, loving family and has a stable socioeconomic background. c. social networks. 2.2.1.3. d. classical conditioning. When a young child yells and throws toys (i.e., throws a temper tantrum), the parents give the child a good deal of attention. a. cognitive b. humanistic c. psychodynamic d. rational emotive. The _____ model proposes that humans must have an accurate self-awareness and live meaningful lives to be psychologically well adjusted. Reinforcement can either occur continuously meaning every time the desired behavior is made the subject will receive some reinforcer, or intermittently/partially meaning reinforcement does not occur with every behavior. 129. New evidence suggests nerve cell connections, nerve cell growth, and the functioning of nerve circuits have a major impact on depression and areas that play a significant role in depression are the amygdala, the thalamus, and the hippocampus. Also, individuals with borderline personality disorder have been shown to have structural and functional changes in brain areas associated with impulse control and emotional regulation, while imaging studies reveal differences in the frontal cortex and subcortical structures for those suffering from OCD. Greshka spilled iced coffee on her shirt while sitting in the park. When Mathias did not get a job for which he applied, he was sure that everything was going wrong, that his life was completely off track. The so-called new wave of cognitive therapy differs from traditional cognitive therapy in that it emphasizes: A goal of behavior-focused therapy is to: replace problematic behaviors with more appropriate ones. Outline the structure of personality and how it develops over time. All of the following describe drawbacks of the cognitive-behavioral model EXCEPT: a. it is difficult to test in the laboratory. The actual code passes from one neuron to another in a chemical form called a neurotransmitter. What are some issues facing the biological model? Behaviorally test your thought. c. The underlying assumptions of each model are the same. His name is PSY470 Models of Abnormality - Running Head: BENCHMARK - StuDocu Antipsychotics are used to treat psychosis or conditions that affect the mind, and in which there has been some loss of contact with reality, often including delusions (false, fixed beliefs) or hallucinations (hearing or seeing things that are not really there). They can be used to treat eating disorders, severe depression, PTSD, OCD, ADHD, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Which model of abnormality focuses on learning and the thinking that underlies behavior? The fundamental unit of the nervous system is the neuron, or nerve cell (See Figure 2.3). This scenario demonstrates trial and error learning or making a response repeatedly if it leads to success. 87. However, people can build up a tolerance to benzodiazepines if they are taken over a long period of time and may need higher and higher doses to get the same effect. Side effects include drowsiness, dizziness, nausea, difficulty urinating, and irregular heartbeat, to name a few. A therapist who would say this as a primary part of the therapy process would MOST probably be following the _____ tradition. Freud believed that consciousness had three levels 1) consciousness which was the seat of our awareness, 2) preconscious that included all of our sensations, thoughts, memories, and feelings, and 3) the unconscious, which was not available to us. A person has a recurring dream of losing her dog. The nervous system consists of two main parts the central and peripheral nervous systems. d. who are not religious cope better with life stressors such as war and illness. Respondent conditioning (also called classical or Pavlovian conditioning) occurs when we link a previously neutral stimulus with a stimulus that is unlearned or inborn, called an unconditioned stimulus. It is present at birth, completely unconscious, and operates on the pleasure principle, resulting in selfishly seeking immediate gratification of our needs no matter what the cost. d. client-centered therapy. The structure of personality. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is used MOST often in the treatment of: a. schizophrenia. Other examples will be discussed throughout this book. She felt confined and suffocated in this life and took to a fantasy world she called her private theater. Anna also developed hysteria, including symptoms such as memory loss, paralysis, disturbed eye movements, reduced speech, nausea, and mental deterioration. c. The underlying assumptions of each model are the same. 137. Gender plays an important, though at times, unclear role in mental illness. Hormonal imbalances. Nevertheless, just before the track meet begins, she thinks, "I can't do this! Treatment starts with determining situations in which assertiveness is lacking and developing a hierarchy of assertiveness opportunities. 130. a. psychodynamic b. sociocultural c. cognitive-behavioral d. humanistic-existential, 9. d. disturbing and inaccurate assumptions and attitudes. Though not neurons, glial cells play an important part in helping the nervous system to be the efficient machine that it is. We will cover this process in three parts. a. psychodynamic The goal of cognitive-behavioral therapy is BEST described as: modifying the client's negative behavior and dysfunctional ways of thinking. d. cognitive-behavioral. Members of a family operate very independently of one another. 92. A patient has loss of neurons in the cortex and the basal ganglia. Biological psychologists or neuropsychologists treat the underlying problems in the. This led to a cognitive-behavioral perspective that combines concepts from the behavioral and cognitive models, the latter discussed in the next section. Regarding the finding that there are more seriously disturbed people within poor subpopulations, a multicultural theorist would focus on the way in which: a. personal responsibility is related to dysfunction. The contents of the unconscious could move from the unconscious to preconscious, but to do so, it had to pass a Gate Keeper. c. drugs are not very effective in the treatment of abnormal behavior. According to Freud, all _____ instincts tend to be sexual. Watson and Rayner (1920) conducted one of the most famous studies in psychology. The point where this occurs is called the synapse. c. Beck. 76. Electroconvulsive therapy. b. drugs cannot be combined with other forms of treatment. Third, he relied solely on the reports of his patients and sought no observer reports. Which model of abnormality cites physical processes as being the key to behavior? Hormones are important to psychologists because they manage the nervous system and body tissues at certain stages of development and activate behaviors such as alertness or sleepiness, sexual behavior, concentration, aggressiveness, reaction to stress, and a desire for companionship. Consider hunger, and the associated rumbling of our stomach, fatigue, lack of energy, etc., that motivates us to find and eat food. Researchers are only now beginning to tease apart the various biological and psychosocial factors that may impact the mental health of both women and men., https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/women-and-mental-health/index.shtml. The perspectives do offer hope to people suffering tragedy by asserting that we control our destiny and can make our own choices. The _____ model of abnormality pays particular attention to the clients family structure, societal norms, and the clients roles in society. 85. The psychologist credited with paving the way for psychologists to practice psychotherapy is: The psychologist who is said to have made it possible for psychologists to do psychotherapy is called "the pioneer." For example, desensitization (Wolpe, 1997) teaches clients to respond calmly to fear-producing stimuli. According to psychoanalysts, if a patient relives past repressed feelings, that patient is said to have experienced: A patient sees a therapist to help her address her eating disorder. The medical model definition is the concept of how mental and emotional issues are related to biological causes and problems. Their self-concept becomes distorted, now seen as having worth only when these significant others approve, leading to a disharmonious state and psychopathology. A therapist pays close attention to what their client has to say and then makes an effort to show accurate empathy and sincerity in their responses. They may be positive and include friendly, affectionate feelings, or negative, and include hostile and angry feelings. c. The receiving neurons fire. c. maintenance. If you recognize your worth as a person, Carl Rogers would say that you have developed: In the 1960s and 1970s, social upheaval and soul-searching in Western society gave rise to humanistic and existential therapies. When her friends or family criticize or express disapproval over something Johannah has done, she experiences a deep depression and self-abuse. Neural transmission. Clarify how gender factors affect mental illness. First, free association involves the patient describing whatever comes to mind during the session. Abnormality results from the interaction of genetic, emotional, and cultural influences. The patient might change the subject, stop talking, or lose his/her train of thought. She ultimately decided not to copy, knowing that doing so was wrong. Abnormal psychology is a branch of psychology that deals with psychopathology and abnormal behavior, often in a clinical context. Failure to treat many people with severe disturbances appropriately is MOST often a problem with which level of prevention? Once free, the cat was allowed to eat some food before being promptly returned to the box. The cat could escape the box and reach the food by manipulating a series of levers. Essentially, they wanted to explore the possibility of conditioning various types of emotional response(s). The researchers ran a series of trials in which they exposed a 9-month-old child, known as Little Albert, to a white rat. In respondent conditioning, learning happens in three phases: preconditioning, conditioning, and postconditioning. a. psychodynamic b. multicultural c. cognitive d. humanistic. All of the models include an element of the biological model. According to the National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI), cognitive behavioral therapy focuses on exploring relationships among a persons thoughts, feelings and behaviors.
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