; Fran, H.P. Experimental Review on Intrinsic Viscosity Measurements and Temperature Effect.". The important role of thermodynamic interaction parameter in the determination of theta temperature, dextran/water system. ; Patel, T.R. The Mark-Houwink a constant is close to 0.75 (or higher) for these good solvents. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 60, 1650-1662. Treatment of acne scars by fractional bipolar radiofrequency energy. Im Tiefkhlgert (-5 bis -30C) lagern und vor Licht schtzen. In fact, short chains do contain minor branching points. Trop J Pharm Res. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! The Hydrodynamic Radii of Macromolecules and Their Effect on Red Blood Cell Aggregation. 20K. * shows a significant difference between the M.W. 8600 Rockville Pike Analytes and stationary phase with Universal Calibration Relative Measurement Concentration and MW detector: RI + Viscometer Relationship between hydrodynamic volume (MW*intrinsic viscosity) and elution volume Multiple detection The molecular mass of dextran as determined by the gel filtration and copper bicinchoninate method was approximately, 800 kDa. Dextran is a branched polysaccharide, composed of -D-glucopyranosyl residues. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. There is a formula that used to calculate the radius (in Angstrom) from the molar mass (in g/mol) of dextran, a=0.33*(MM^0.46) where, a and MM are Carbohydrate Research, 160, 205-214. We observe that this maximum radius is below Fusco V, Quero GM, Cho GS, Kabisch J, Meske D, Neve H, Bockelmann W, Franz CM. Department of Biomedical-Chemical Engineering, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 14662, Republic of Korea, LG electronics, 19 Yangjae-daero 11-gil, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06772, Republic of Korea, You can also search for this author in A sugar cane native dextran as an innovative functional excipient for the development of pharmaceutical tablets. 2.It can be found from the figure that at the start-up stage of the shaft, the hydrodynamic effect (HE) is weak, so the HP is not enough to support the shaft, which 2021 Aug;13(4):915-925. doi: 10.1007/s12602-021-09751-1. Molecular weight (Mv) and hydrodynamic properties can be calculated from there. Immediately after 2, 5, and 10 times microporations, 97.1432.39, 80.5715.51, and 82.3916.49m sizes of micropores were formed on the skin, respectively. Stenekes, R.J.H. Advances in Cosmetic Surgery. In a good solvent, which shows a zero or negative heat of mixing with the polymer, the molecule is less-extended, and the intrinsic viscosity is high. Carbohydr Polym. 10K, and c M.W. Fixable: Fixable via Lysine. (2013). Singh TRR, Garland MJ, Cassidy CM, Migalska K, Demir YK, Ryan SAE, Woolfson D, Donnelly RF. In addition, the permeation rate was higher in pig skin than in human skin. This situation is mainly the result of using dextans, solvent, additives, etc. For Research Use Only. Huggins, Maurice L. (1942). These constants can be determined experimentally by measuring the intrinsic viscosity of several polymer samples for which the molecular weight has been determined by an independent method (i.e. Microneedles and their applications. Although, in literature there is much information on hydrodynamic measurements from determinations viscosity; very few of them evaluate the situation at different temperatures. Dextran Specifications: Label (Ex/Em): Fluorescein (494/521) Size: 40,000 MW. Garcia de la Torre, J.; Carrasco, B. Table 2 shows that comparing the intrinsic viscosity data obtained from the Huggins method and the Solomon-Ciuta single-point method, a similar values are obtained and the %RE is lower for low Mw and it increases for higher Mw. Proc. Molecular weight determination of polysaccharides. The hydrodynamic radius (Rh) of individual samples of dextran, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and polyoxyethylene over a range of molecular weights (1,500 Teixeira CG, Fusieger A, Milio GL, Martins E, Drider D, Nero LA, de Carvalho AF. Banga AK. ; De Jong, S.J. All possible degrees of curling can be displayed by any molecule, but there will be an average configuration which will depend on the solvent. Immediately after formation, the microchannels are filled with interstitial fluid, making them hydrophilic, and a suitable drug delivery system [15]. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Each skin pores was captured using a microscope and the obtained images were analyzed using ImageJ software (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA). The analysis of errors using the Solomon-Ciuta method is compared with HM [59]. 2013;43(4):287303. Chem. Conversely, fluorescein sodium was the compound selected to model hydrophilic, low MW drugs. It is well tolerated on parenteral infusion by most people but a very low incidence Coviello, T.; Matricardi, P.; Marianecci, C.; Alhaique, F. (2007). 113, 81-86. Keywords: FITC dextran; intestinal permeability; transit time. ; Rjumtsev, E.I. 7 8 The dextran has the advantage in terms of low cytotoxicity, excellent biocompatibility, and water-solubility. Carbohydrate Polymers, 39, 377-380. The slope is a value and intercept is equal to the ln kMH value [47]. 2023 BioMed Central Ltd unless otherwise stated. Analyzing the values of the hydrodynamic properties of dextran in aqueous solution, it can be seen in Table 7, that all vary with the temperature. Nat Biotechnol. The measurements of dextrans molecular weight were determined by size exclusion HPLC (Gilson, France) with Refraction Index detector using a Polysep-GFC-P5000 column (7.8030 mm). Viscosity of aqueous solutions of polysaccharides and hydrophobically modified polysaccharides: Application of Fedors equation. Dilute Solution. J. Braz. The micropores of the human cadaver skin were regenerated according to the time. Chem. Journal Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech., 97, 295-301. Viscotek GmbH, Europe. Structure Properties of Dextran. Mark-Houwink-Kuhn-Sakurada Exponent at the Condition. HSE and DK helped to porate the skin and to measure TEWL. The regeneration of micropores in the human cadaver skin caused by microporation was confirmed using an optical microscope and haematoxylin/eosin (H&E) staining. Gold MH, Biron JA. ; Ortega, A.; Garcia de la Torre, J.; Harding, S.E. This result could reflect the presence of some aggregated species within the lysozyme sample solution. Leiva, Angel; Muoz, Natalia; Urza, Marcela; Gargallo, Ligia; Radic, Deodato (2010). The solutions were prepared in bidestilated water at 1, 0.75, 0.5, 0.25 % wt. Kasaai, Mohammad R. (2007). The measurements of the transepidermal water loss (TEWL) were taken using the Tewameter (Courage-Khazaka Electronic GmbH, Cologne, Germany) to evaluate the skin barrier function after microporation. Macromolecules, 31, 7712-7716. The values of Mark-Houwink parameters could be universalized with certain precautions, being an indication for the calculation of molecular weight in the temperature range of 20-40C. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. Radiofrequency with microneedling. The optical image and histological analysis confirmed that the micropores on the skin were recovered over time. (1990). Aqueous solutions of amphiphilic polysaccharides: Concentration and temperature effect on viscosity. Weissella: An Emerging Bacterium with Promising Health Benefits. Macromolecules, 33, 5730-5739. Proc of SPIE. Drug deliv. Journal of Polymer Science, 17, 527-546. where (poise) is the viscosity, the (g/cm3) fluid density, and t the liquid draining time (s) subscript zero is referred to solvent, and without subscript is referred to the solution [40], and inherent viscosity is i = r -1. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. The importance of this type of study lies in the analysis of the polysaccharide behavior at industrial processes, the requirements to reduce energy, avoid flow problems and product quality control. The a value is higher than calculated in this work, because these calculations were performed with number average molecular weight (Mn) which rearranges the value of a and forces him to enter into unbranched or linear molecules (a > 0.5), on the other hand, if molecular weights (Mw) ware used to value would be less than 0.5. Ghimici, Luminita; Nichifora, Marieta; Eich, Andreas; Wolf, Bernhard A. Drug Discov Today Technol. 4K and M.W. Ther. It has been found that, when applied to water treatment, it can effectively act on refractory organic matter in wastewater through thermal decomposition and water molecular action to produce free We offer more than 50 fluorescent and biotinylated dextran conjugates in several molecular weight ranges. CAS In this work, hydrodynamic properties are investigated in different dextran aqueous solutions with different molecular weights (8.8-2000kDa), in a temperature range from 20C to 50C. De Belder, A. N. (2001). 2003;89(2):31120. Transdermal delivery of FITC-Dextrans with different molecular weights using radiofrequency microporation, https://doi.org/10.1186/s40824-020-00201-7, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/. In order to understand the behavior of this biopolymer in water and to support changes at the M-H parameters with temperature, the hydrodynamic parameters are analyzed (hydrodynamic radius, (RH); Simha number, ((a/b)); Perrin parameter (P); Flory parameter (0); and stiffness chain (dln[]/dT)). Intrinsic viscosity molecular weight relationship. This conjecture found to be correct. Webdextran hydrodynamic radius. Universal size-independent quantities for the conformational characterization of rigid and flexible macromolecules. An undergraduate physical chemistry experiment. Pharmacol Pharm. volume24, Articlenumber:22 (2020) Accueil; Solution; Tarif; PRO; Mon compte; France; Accueil; Solution; Tarif; PRO; Mon compte The above data are not useful because it can not be compared with those obtained in this work. Pharmaceut Sci Tech. Table 3 shows the intrinsic viscosity for the rest of the dextrans obtained by using the single-point method, measured at different temperatures. Food Funct. The Transdermal diffusion cell system was protected from light. An official website of the United States government. Strategies to improve the potential of transdermal devices by enhancing the skin permeation of therapeutic entities. Pharm Res. WebThe micelles produced at pH 4.6 have a spherical shape and their size is dependent on the Maillard reaction: reaction time, molar ratio of casein to dextran, and molecular weight of dextran used. Lee WR, Shen SC, Sun CK, Aljuffali IA, Suen SY, Lin YK, Wang JJ, Fang JY. Eremeeva, T. E.; Bykova, T. O. WebDextran 670 GPC Standard Normative Mw - 670000 Da GPC standards can be used for calibration and molecular weight determination. The Viscosity of Dilute Solutions of Long-Chain Molecules. These studies on Mark-Houwink parameters are usually carried out at a given temperature, obtaining a consistent result but in a very limited temperature range [68]. Intrinsic viscosities of polyelectrolytes in the absence and in the presence of extra salt: Consequences of the stepwise conversion of dextran into a polycation. Dilute solution properties and degree of chain branching for dextran. However, in vitro investigations are very few. Transdermal drug delivery is an attractive alternative that addresses the limitations of oral and parenteral routes of drug administration; it enables controlled release and long-term systemic drug delivery through the skin, avoids hepatic first-pass effect, avoids gastrointestinal drug degradation, reduces discomfort and trauma resulting from hypodermic injections, and prevents safety hazards associated with dangerous medical waste from needles [1, 2]. (1987). Cite this article. ; Tsuchiya, H.M.; Rist, C.E. Microporation techniques for enhanced delivery of therapeutic agents. Whiteside PJD, Chininis JA, Schellenberg MW, Qian C, Hunt HK. The solution was measured using an Anton Paar DMA35N densitometer. These results suggest that fibroblasts proliferate and migrate under the SC, and regenerate the skin. Advances in Carbohydrate Analysis, 1, 63-144. WebHydrodynamic radius = variable size of an analyte with specific MW based on dynamical properties. Conducting a comparative analysis of the data shown in Table 1 can observer that parameter data Mark-Houwink a, obtained by these authors are very similar to that obtained in this work, which affirms its validity. Figure2 shows TEWL values measured before and immediately following the treatment of human cadaver skin with the microporation device. osmotic pressure or light scattering). 2012;101(8):28619. Dextran standards with sequence molecular weight from 8.8, 40, 71.9, 110, 200, 580 and 2000 kDa were utilized for the plot of calibration curve. Analytical Chemistry. Carbohydrate Polymers 95 360-365. of different origins. 1994, 95-0355. He, L.; Niemeyer, B. These studies were again focused on investigating the hydrodynamic properties of the polymer molecules, their hydrodynamic radius in relation to their radius of gyration and the coherence of the simulation results with polymer theory. The molecular weight of dextran samples can be obtained by a variety of methods including light scattering, HPLC/SEC, sedimentation, osmometry and end-group analysis. However, the results did not show significant regeneration of micropore compared to previous in vivo studies which reported significant regeneration [25]. The study of biopolymers as dextran in aqueous solution, is effectively determined by intrinsic viscosity [] measurements at different temperatures. WebLabeled dextrans are hydrophilic polysaccharides most commonly used in microscopy studies to monitor cell division, track the movement of live cells, and to report the The qM-H values given by equation 13, these vary from 0.9993 to 0.9841 for the range between 8.8 to 200kDa in a temperature range of 20 to 40C. This method utilizes promising strategies that have made a significant impact in transdermal delivery [6], they include: iontophoresis, microneedles, sonophoresis, radiofrequency (RF), and chemical enhancers [7,8,9,10,11]. At 25C both values of a and kM-H are within the range reported by [3, 8, 16]. To overcome these limitations, microporation devices that act as therapeutic vehicles for delivering drug molecules across the skin barriers have been developed. Saudi Pharm J. Pavlov, G.M. (2007). 2013, Article ID 360239, pp. Smith, David R.; Raymonda, John W. (1972). As well as being able to measure hydrodynamic radius in the Zetasizer (if you have access to one), it's also provided with a calculator that allows Takara, Andres; Acosta, Adolfo; Masuelli, Martin A. Manage cookies/Do not sell my data we use in the preference centre. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 41, 1260-1267. statement and Epub 2012 May 28. Transdermal drug delivery: overcoming the skins barrier function. 2016;47:15964. Molecular weight, molecular weight distribution and molecular size of a native dextran. The genus Weissella: taxonomy, ecology and biotechnological potential. Results and Discussion The microscopic dynamics of proteins are probed in a light scattering experiment. Determination of constants, kM-H and a, from the intrinsic viscosity data, requires a series of monodisperse polymer samples with known molecular weight or a series of polydisperse polymer samples with known viscosity average molecular weights, Mv. Biotechnology Progress, 19, 544-548. Sci. Biodegradable dextran hydrogels crosslinked by stereocomplex formation for the controlled release of pharmaceutical proteins. The Mark-Houwink exponent bears the signature of a three-dimensional configuration of a polymer chain in the solvent environment. To confirm the extent of skin damage and regeneration after microporation, porations were performed 2, 5, and 10 times. Pribush, A.; Zilberman-Kravits, D.; Meyerstein, N. (2007). Chem. Structural characterization of a new dextran with a low degree of branching produced by Leuconostoc mesenteroides FT045B dextransucrase. European Biophysical Journal, 36, 85-94. The temperature increment can induce a macromolecule compaction (decreases in RH and []), generating by this way, a greater difficult to flowing due at requires an increase of energy consumption (Eavf<). Degrees of long-chain branching in dextrans. Hydrodynamic radii ( RH) were determined by dynamic light scattering. The hydrodynamic radius of 2-NBDG glucose was too small to measure. Ionic Polymers Based on Dextran: Hydrodynamic Properties in Aqueous Solution and Solvent Mixtures. The 70-kDa FITC dextran reached the jejunum after 15 min and passed the entire small intestine within 1 h after its administration, demonstrating that 4-kDa FITC Thus, it is accepted that, for every flexible-chain polymer in a (ideal) solvent, there is a universal value of 0 = 2.1-2.5x1023mol-1 [52]. (2007). Schematic illustration of transdermal delivery after the application of the microporation device. This low polydispersity realizes that the Mark-Houwink equation is forced at a given Mw regardless of the hyperbranched nature of the dextran molecule. Using the polymer standards, a plot of the ln [] vs ln Mw usually gives a straight line. 2019;26(1):25261. Journal of Chemical Education, 80(9), 1036-1038. Each microporated sample was incubated in the skin culture medium. Catiker, E.; Guner, A. Kam Y, Sacks H, Kaplan KM, Stern M, Levin G. Radio frequency-microchannels for transdermal delivery: characterization of skin recovery and delivery window. WebTry out PMC Labs and tell us what you think. WebDextran 40 Pharmaceutical Quality. WebFluorescein isothiocyanatedextran average mol wt 60,000-76,000; CAS Number: 60842-46-8; Synonyms: FITCDextran; find Sigma-Aldrich-FD70S MSDS, related peer-reviewed papers, technical documents, similar products & more at Sigma-Aldrich Journal of Physical Chemistry, 58(11), 953-957. Carbohydrate Polymers 88 1440-1444. Table 2 compares the properties of nanoparticles coated with one or other polymer. The calculation of Mark-Houwink parameters is carried out by the graphic representation of the following equation: where kMH (cm3/g) and a are Mark-Houwink constants, depending on the type of polymer, solvent, and temperature of intrinsic viscosity determinations [46]. 151-166. The most widely used method for the characterization of macromolecules is the capillary viscometry, as it is a simple and economic method. The (a/b) value is 2.5 which confirms that dextran in aqueous solution is a biopolymer with a spherical conformation for an Mw range from 8.8 to 200kDa, and with tendency to compaction with increasing temperature (RH decreases). Recent Pat Drug Deliv Formul. De Belder, A.N. As a consequence of the diversity in their origin, the set of classical universal size independent quantities suffers from shortcomings. Dextran Triple Detector Application Note 1, Viscotek GmbH, USA. Beer, M.U. ; Yevlampieva N.P. The polymer molecule assumes a tighter configuration, and the solution has a lower intrinsic viscosity. 2005;304(1):27486. Human cadaver skins (fresh human full-thickness skin disc, 12~20mm) were supplied by Biopredic International (Saint-Grgoire, France). Solution properties of branched dextran. The values of 0 decreases from 2.5429 to 2.3326 x 1023mol-1 demonstrating a relative flexibility of particles. Lucifer yellow (LY) and FITC-labelled dextran stock solutions were prepared in Ringers-HEPES buffer (150 mM NaCl, 3.4 mM CaCl 2, 1.2 mM MgCl 2, 5.2 mM KCl, 0.5 mM NaHCO 3, 2.8 mM glucose, and 10 mM HEPES) and frozen at 20C. Guner, Ali (1999). A similar combination involves the intrinsic viscosity and specific volume: (a/b) is called Einstein viscosity increment, and Vs is specific volume (cm3/g). If there are particles in the sample, the incident laser light gets scattered in all directions. National Library of Medicine Typical examples are the classical size-independent combinations like the Flory parameter, which that combine the intrinsic viscosity, [], and the gyration radius, Rg: These quantities have been proposed along the years, by different eminent scientists, after whom they are named. Transdermal drug delivery system for non-steroidal anti inflammatory drugs: a review. The mechanism of the dextran-induced red blood cell Aggregation. The fast increasing of these polyglucosans for medical, industrial and research purposes motivated a survey of the types obtainable. In summary, we demonstrated effective enhancement of skin permeability and delivery of macromolecules lower than 20KM.W., and regeneration of human cadaver skin after microporation with an RF-based microporation device. Format), Citation-(BibTeX GYA primarily conducted research. 2009;301(8):60913. Webof overall macromolecular geometry and hydrodynamic draining. Springer Editions. ; Prasad, D.H.L. As intrinsic viscosity of dextrans decreases with an increase in solution temperature; chain flexibility enhances with an increase in temperature (see Table 4) showing that the intrinsic viscosity of dextran (with different molecular weights Mw from 8.8 to 200kDa) decreases linearly with an temperature increase in solution, but change to high molecular weight to hyperbranched macromolecule. Dextran Utilization During Its Synthesis by Weissella cibaria RBA12 Can Be Overcome by Fed-Batch Fermentation in a Bioreactor. Doke SK, Dhawale SC. The hydrodynamic radius R h, defined as the radius of a hard sphere that diffuses at the same rate as the solute, takes these effects into account. 2008;26(11):12618. Advances in Physical Chemistry, Vol. The mostly used commercial product/ polysaccharide is dextran, and it is produced from bacterium Leuconostoc mesenteroides, with an overall degree of branching of about 5% [1-3][1]. For a given polymer-solvent pair, the theta condition is satisfied at a certain temperature, called the theta () temperature or theta point. Characterization and Classification of Dextrans from Ninety-six Strains of Bacteria. Google Scholar. California Privacy Statement, A single frequency laser is directed to the sample contained in a cuvette. 2006;3(3):37385. Its Invariancy with Respect to the Cross-Sectional Dimensions of Polymer Chains. 4K was 10.611.68 and 13.440.18M in human and pig skin, respectively. European. 2014 Sep;5(9):2324-30. doi: 10.1039/c4fo00319e. Differences were considered statistically significant at p <0.05. 2004;25(9):155967. 2018 Aug 9;23(8):1984. doi: 10.3390/molecules23081984. 56 The linkage that the enzyme dextranase breaks down is indicated by the black arrow. The 70-kDa FITC dextran reached the jejunum after 15 min and passed the entire small intestine within 1 h after its administration, demonstrating that 4-kDa FITC dextran measured in plasma 1 h after its oral application is a marker of small intestinal permeability. In a poor solvent which shows a positive heat of mixing, segments of a polymer molecule attract each other in solution more strongly than attract the surrounding solvent molecules. A solvent at this temperature is called a theta solvent [53]. Here we have the hydrodynamic radius estimate for the 3kDa dextran and 1.5 kDa dextran by the Zetasizer calculator, thanks to Alan. Alan F Rawle, t Carbohydrate Polymers, 36, 319-326. Intrinsic viscosity of bovine serum albumin conformers. The molecular weight and Simha number do not change in this temperature range (Mw from 8.8-200kDa), P slightly change, showing modifications in the hydrodynamic properties of the biopolymer in aqueous solution as [] and RH. Home > 2022 > Junho > 22 > Uncategorized > dextran hydrodynamic radius. Web54 we estimated that the hydrodynamic radii of 3-5 kDa dextran, 20 kDa dextran, and 70 kDa dextran are 2 55 nm, 5 nm, and 6 nm, respectively. Not for use in diagnostic procedures. 4K, 10K, and 20K) permeated through the human, and pig skin after microporation. Pamis, R.; Hernndez Cifre, J. G.; Lpez Martnez, M.C. Keratinocytes adjacent to the wound site induced by the microporation in the epidermis undergo a series of modifications that allow their proliferation and migration to the wound. a Microscopy images of micropore and b quantified data using ImageJ after 0 (immediately), 4, 8, and 24h according to the number of times microproration was done (n=150, *: p<0.05). Before Human cadaver skin has been confirmed as alive skin tissue through analysis of its morphology and enzymes, and its usefulness as an alternative skin membrane in drug permeation experiments has been verified [20]. However, considering the trauma and unethical practices associated with animal experiments, in vitro studies with human cadaver skin offers an ethical and viable alternative. WebThe micelles produced at pH 4.6 have a spherical shape and their size is dependent on the Maillard reaction: reaction time, molar ratio of casein to dextran, and molecular weight of dextran used. Peptide and protein transdermal drug delivery. Salunkhe SS, Bhatia NM, Pokharkar VB, Thorat JD, Bhatia MS. Topical delivery of idebenone using nanostructured lipid carriers: evaluations of sun-protection and anti-oxidant effects. Article Dextran theta temperature between 43.14 and 44.44C for all the range of molecular weights explains the deviation at 45 and 50C [36, 37]. Webwhittier union high school district superintendent. The intrinsic viscosity calculation requires several concentrations, and because of this inconvenient will not use the Huggins method in this paper. Hydrodynamic radii were measured using Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) in a Malvern Zetasizer NanoZS DLS (Malvern Instruments, Malvern, UK) at high scattering angle (173) to minimise the effects of dust and supramolecular contamination (NIBS, 173). Epub 2022 Feb 2. 2003;10:33847. (1937). Polysaccharides-based nanoparticles as drug delivery systems. The results are shown to be in good agreement with available hydrodynamic models for spherical solutes in cylindrical pores with the effective solute to pore size ratio evaluated using a partitioning model which implicitly
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